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London Lives 1690 to 1800
Crime, Poverty and Social Policy in the Metropolis
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of which ye so much Complain, is no other than the ne-
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cessary Consequence of your uniting those two distinct Of-
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fices, and the several Jurifdictions attendant thereon, in
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the same Person; The Prison so London is Situate in, and
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</
lb
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is one of the Gates of the City; the Session of Goal De-
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</
lb
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livery for
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Middlesex
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are held in London, for the Conveni-
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ence of the City, that
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Middlesex
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Prisoners can therefore be
<
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>
tried no where but in London: The Court sends for such
<
lb
>
</
lb
>
of them as are triable at the
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Old Bailey
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(and they, as has
<
lb
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</
lb
>
been Shewn, are but a Small Proportion of the Whole Num-
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</
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ber of County Prisoners) in order for Trial, and the
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</
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Sheriff, for his own Security, keeps them in Newgate
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</
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>
the
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City Prison
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type
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"City Prison"
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, as a Place of the Greatest Strength and
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lb
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</
lb
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Safety. Is not all this the Act of the City; are not the
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County in this Respect absolutely Passive; or with what
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Face of Truth can it be ventilated abroad, that the
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County croud their Prisoners in an the City, or can any
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rational Conclusion be deduced from these Premisses to
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charge the County with the Expences attending the Prison
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lb
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</
lb
>
of
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Newgate
</
rs
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type
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"Newgate"
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, in any Proportion whatever?
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<
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n
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And it seems at some Times, the Citizens themselves
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entertain the same Opinion of the Matter, Viz, that the
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>
County has nothing to do with Newgate; for they dispose
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</
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>
of the Places of the keeper and Ordinary, and in two In-
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</
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>
stances have they assumed the Right of nominating a Clerk
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</
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>
of Arraigns, for the Trial of the County Prisoners; and
<
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</
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>
not to mention that they have altered, enlarged, and im-
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</
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>
proved the Goal, till at last, as they themselves say, it is
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</
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>
become a most dangerous Nusance: They never thought it
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</
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>
at all necessary to consult the County, as ti its Con-
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</
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>
struction: some few Years ago they insured the Prison
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</
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>
from Fire in their own Names.in the the Hand in Hand
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</
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>
Fire Office; soon after a Fire happened therein; they
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</
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>
applied to the Office received 500l and laid
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obscured
>
</
obscured
>
<
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</
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they thought fit.
</
p
>
<
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"157"
>
In all that related to the Government of Management
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</
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of the Prison, the Citizens have constantly exercised their
<
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</
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>
own Judgment, without consulting the County; and
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</
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>
whenever it has been necessary to apply to the Great
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</
lb
>
Council of the Nation, in Matters relating to the Goal of
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>
</
lb
>
<
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Newgate
</
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type
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, they have done it alone, and without the Inter-
<
lb
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</
lb
>
vention or Concurrence of the County; and of this a very
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</
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>
remarkable Instance shall now be given.
</
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<
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"158"
>
Immediately after the dreadful Conflagation in 1666, in
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which the Greater Part of the City. was consumed, the
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</
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>
Citizens thought it necessary to implore the Aid of Parlia-
<
lb
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</
lb
>
ment, to enable them to rebuild their public Edifices: At
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</
lb
>
that Time it was never pretended that the County were
<
lb
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</
lb
>
Chargeable with any Part of the Expence of rebuilding
<
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>
</
lb
>
Newgate, and the Parliament were so little disposed to
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</
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>
think so, that by an Act of 19 CAR. III they granted
<
obscured
>
</
obscured
>
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</
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City a Duty arising from Coals brought into the Port or
<
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>
</
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>
London, which is expresly appropriated, among other
<
lb
>
</
lb
>
Things, to the rebuilding the City Goals. Enabled by
<
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>
</
lb
>
this Grant, which by their own Account, produced
<
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</
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>
736, 804l. the City rebuilt, among other public Edifices,
<
lb
>
</
lb
>
the greater Part of the now Goal of
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Newgate
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type
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value
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"Newgate"
>
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, and, to
<
lb
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</
lb
>
intimate how. little they thought the County had to do
<
lb
>
</
lb
>
with it, they stamped it with the
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City Arms
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, and by In-
<
lb
>
</
lb
>
scriptions on the East and West Fronts of the Gate, com-
<
lb
>
</
lb
>
memorated the AEra of its Re-edification, and the Names
<
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</
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>
of the Magistrates under whose Government it was begun
<
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</
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>
and compleated, in Terms that import little lest than a
<
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</
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>
sole and exclusive Property in it.
</
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<
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Here
</
p
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p
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obtained this Power is therefore nothing to the Purpose;
<
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</
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>
not is this Burthen either a necessary or a Possible Conse-
<
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</
lb
>
quence of uniting those distinct Offices, and the several
<
lb
>
</
lb
>
Jurisdictions attendant thereon, in the same Person-the
<
lb
>
</
lb
>
Custody of the Goal may be said to be attendant upon the
<
lb
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</
lb
>
Shrievalty-And in Old Time, the Sheriff did sometimes
<
lb
>
</
lb
>
repair the Goal, but then he was allowed the Expence in
<
lb
>
</
lb
>
his Account, before the Barons of the Exchequer.In more
<
lb
>
</
lb
>
modern Times, all the Expences of Repairs, Etc. fell upon
<
lb
>
</
lb
>
the County, and they are now defrayed out of the County
<
lb
>
</
lb
>
Rates, but there never was a Time when the Expence
<
lb
>
</
lb
>
fell upon the Shreivalty. If the Shrievalty of
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Middlesex
</
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</
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</
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<
lb
>
</
lb
>
had remained upon the same Footing, as the Shrievalty of
<
lb
>
</
lb
>
other Counties, not a Shillings of the Expence of the Goal
<
lb
>
</
lb
>
would have fallen upon it; how them can this Burthen be
<
lb
>
</
lb
>
a necessary Consequence of uniting that Office with the
<
lb
>
</
lb
>
distinct Office of the Shrievalty of London? Or how can
<
lb
>
</
lb
>
the mere Situation of the Goal (whether an Hundred Yards
<
lb
>
</
lb
>
within or without
<
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Holborn-Bars
</
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>
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. for the Conveniency of
<
lb
>
</
lb
>
the City or County, or both) vary the Question, upon
<
lb
>
</
lb
>
whom the Burthen or the ordinary Expences of the Goal
<
lb
>
</
lb
>
should fall? Much less can so trifling and unmeaning a
<
lb
>
</
lb
>
Circumstance, influence the Question. Who shall Contri-
<
lb
>
</
lb
>
bute to the extraordinary Expence of a great Plan of Im-
<
lb
>
</
lb
>
provement of the Goal, for
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the common
</
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>
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</
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Benefit o the
<
lb
>
</
lb
>
City and County, and perhaps the whole Kingdom, which
<
lb
>
</
lb
>
it would be a Disgrace to Justice and Humanity to neglect
<
lb
>
</
lb
>
any longer? the City agree with the County it think
<
lb
>
</
lb
>
ing, that from such Premises, no rational Conclusion can
<
lb
>
</
lb
>
be deduced.
</
p
>
<
p
n
=
"161"
>
The Citizens claim to have the Government of the Goal
<
lb
>
</
lb
>
of
<
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type
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id
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>
Newgate
</
rs
>
<
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inst
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type
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value
=
"Newgate"
>
</
interp
>
<
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type
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"type"
value
=
"undefined"
>
</
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>
, and they support the ordinary Repairs of it,
<
lb
>
</
lb
>
which may in some Measure account for their exercising
<
lb
>
</
lb
>
their own Judgement without consulting the County, in
<
lb
>
</
lb
>
Matters which relate to the Government of the Prison, or
<
lb
>
</
lb
>
the Repair of it.-not that they can acquit themselves of
<
lb
>
</
lb
>
all Imputation for not consulting the
<
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Justices of Peace
</
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>
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type
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,
<
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>
</
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>
assembled at
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Hicks's Hall
</
rs
>
<
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<
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</
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>
upon the Subject of their Peti-
<
lb
>
</
lb
>
tion for a new Goal Consultation and Communications
<
lb
>
</
lb
>
must certainly have prevented their Opposition, as no
<
lb
>
</
lb
>
Reason can be assigned for their Opposition, but the omit-
<
lb
>
</
lb
>
ting to pay them that Mart of Respect, which was cer-
<
lb
>
</
lb
>
tainly a Fault.-After this public Acknowledgement the
<
lb
>
</
lb
>
<
obscured
>
</
obscured
>
faw thier Opposition, and
<
lb
>
</
lb
>
co-operate with them in a Work of great Utility to the
<
lb
>
</
lb
>
County, of which they are Guardians.
</
p
>
<
p
n
=
"162"
>
With Respect to the Appointment. of the Keeper and
<
lb
>
</
lb
>
Ordinary, the Citizens do certainly dispose of those places,
<
lb
>
</
lb
>
and poay large Salaries to those Officers- Of late Years,
<
lb
>
</
lb
>
they have added to the Salary of the former of these, in
<
lb
>
</
lb
>
Lieu of Fees which the Commissioners of Goal- Delivery,
<
lb
>
</
lb
>
at the
<
rs
type
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"placeName"
id
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>
Old Bailey
</
rs
>
<
interp
inst
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"LMSMPS50547_geo156"
type
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value
=
"Old Bailey"
>
</
interp
>
<
interp
inst
=
"LMSMPS50547_geo156"
type
=
"type"
value
=
"undefined"
>
</
interp
>
have taken away, being of Opinion, that
<
lb
>
</
lb
>
the exacting them made it too expensive for poor Men to
<
lb
>
</
lb
>
be acquitted-With Regard to the Clerk of the Arraigns,
<
lb
>
</
lb
>
for the Trial of County Prisoners, the County are in a
<
lb
>
</
lb
>
Mistake-The City do not assume the Right of nomina-
<
lb
>
</
lb
>
ting that Officer-In the two instances alluded to, the
<
lb
>
</
lb
>
Commissioners of Goal- Delivery of
<
rs
type
=
"placeName"
id
=
"LMSMPS50547_geo157"
>
Middlesex
</
rs
>
<
interp
inst
=
"LMSMPS50547_geo157"
type
=
"placeName"
value
=
"Middlesex"
>
</
interp
>
<
interp
inst
=
"LMSMPS50547_geo157"
type
=
"type"
value
=
"undefined"
>
</
interp
>
, sitting at
<
lb
>
</
lb
>
the
<
rs
type
=
"placeName"
id
=
"LMSMPS50547_geo158"
>
Old Bailey
</
rs
>
<
interp
inst
=
"LMSMPS50547_geo158"
type
=
"placeName"
value
=
"Old Bailey"
>
</
interp
>
<
interp
inst
=
"LMSMPS50547_geo158"
type
=
"type"
value
=
"undefined"
>
</
interp
>
, the Judges upon the Rota being present,
<
lb
>
</
lb
>
and concurring, assumed (as it is called) the Right of no-
<
lb
>
</
lb
>
minating their own Officer.-The Wit and Humour of the
<
lb
>
</
lb
>
rest of the Paragraph, is too pointed to admit of an Answer.
</
p
>
<
p
n
=
"163"
>
When the Effects of this dreadful Conflagration were
<
lb
>
</
lb
>
under the Consideration of Parliament, they were very little
<
lb
>
</
lb
>
disposed to enquire who ought to rebuild either Goals or
<
lb
>
</
lb
>
Parish- Churches.They thought fit to provide a Fund for
<
lb
>
</
lb
>
these, and many other Public works. Regardless in that
<
lb
>
</
lb
>
Time of Distress who were by Law bound to repair.
</
p
>
<
p
n
=
"164"
>
It is true, that this Grant produced 730
<
obscured
>
</
obscured
>
<
lb
>
</
lb
>
appears, that Part of the Goal of
<
rs
type
=
"placeName"
id
=
"LMSMPS50547_geo159"
>
Newgate
</
rs
>
<
interp
inst
=
"LMSMPS50547_geo159"
type
=
"placeName"
value
=
"Newgate"
>
</
interp
>
<
interp
inst
=
"LMSMPS50547_geo159"
type
=
"type"
value
=
"undefined"
>
</
interp
>
was rebuilt out
<
lb
>
</
lb
>
of this Fund, for in the Account of Payment, there is an
<
lb
>
</
lb
>
Article of 10863l. 16s. for Newgate.
</
p
>
<
p
n
=
"165"
>
As to what follows in this Paragraph, the County give
<
lb
>
</
lb
>
the City Credit for more Meaning in their Hieroglyphicks,
<
lb
>
</
lb
>
upon the Walls, than they pretend to.
</
p
>
<
p
n
=
"166"
>
The
</
p
>
</
div1
>
View as Text
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